El tradicional bluy\u00edn o pantal\u00f3n vaquero podr\u00eda sumarse a la revoluci\u00f3n verde, gracias a un nuevo m\u00e9todo de tintura m\u00e1s ecol\u00f3gico, susceptible de reemplazar al c\u00e9lebre colorante azul \u00edndigo, seg\u00fan un estudio publicado este lunes.<\/p>\n
El \u00edndigo, que se extrae de una planta aunque hoy en d\u00eda se sobre todo se sintetiza, es el \u00fanico colorante capaz de dar al bluy\u00edn su color emblem\u00e1tico. “Pero el proceso requiere unas etapas qu\u00edmicas perjudiciales para el medio ambiente” e “inviables” en el futuro, indicaron los autores del estudio publicado en la revista Nature Chemical Biology.<\/p>\n
Los cient\u00edficos desarrollaron un m\u00e9todo para producir el pigmento mediante una bacteria concebida en el laboratorio, advirtiendo que el proceso requerir\u00e1 no obstante “mejoras” para ser utilizado a escala industrial.<\/p>\n
El \u00edndigo es utilizado como colorante en su forma natural desde hace al menos 6.000 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n
Naturales o de s\u00edntesis, los cristales de \u00edndigo se adhieren a la superficie del tejido. Su azul intenso es muy resistente al lavado pero a la vez los cristales se van desgastando, dando ese efecto caracter\u00edstico de pantal\u00f3n usado.<\/p>\n
El 95% de las 45.000 toneladas de \u00edndigo sint\u00e9tico que se utilizan cada a\u00f1o son utilizadas para te\u00f1ir los 4.000 millones de prendas de tela blue jean fabricadas anualmente, seg\u00fan cifras citadas en el estudio.<\/p>\n
Esta demanda “supone un grave problema” a largo plazo, indica el informe, refiri\u00e9ndose por ejemplo al uso de productos qu\u00edmicos como el formol y el cianuro de hidr\u00f3geno, as\u00ed como al hecho de que “muchas f\u00e1bricas (…) echan los materiales de tintura a los r\u00edos, con un impacto ecol\u00f3gico negativo”.<\/p>\n
Los autores del informe concibieron una bacteria E.coli, que como la planta fabrica indoxil y al que se le a\u00f1ade una mol\u00e9cula de az\u00facar, antes de agregar una enzima que permite obtener el \u00edndigo para te\u00f1ir el tejido.<\/p>\n
“El producto final es id\u00e9ntico”, asegur\u00f3 uno de los autores, John Dueber, de la Universidad de California.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Sin embargo, para producir los cinco gramos de \u00edndigo necesarios para te\u00f1ir un solo vaquero, se requerir\u00edan “en esta fase varios litros de bacterias”, por lo que su laboratorio trabaja para mejorar el proceso, explic\u00f3 a la AFP.<\/p>\n
\u00a9 Agence France-Presse<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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